Migrate MATLAB Docker image to MATLAB 2025b

[aranega]

This PR introduces the migration from MATLAB 2024b to MATLAB 2025b while including:

• solving Python dependencies issues related to the upgrade from Python 3.11 to Python 3.13 induced by the new base image,
• pin toolboxes dependencies following the established manifest
• addition of some new third-party dependencies (EXTRACT, DeepInterpolation-MATLAB)
• safer way to reference the current user considering the migration towards another system later.

[asmacdo]

As discussed with @aranega "This PR was intended as an up to date standalone MATLAB image to show partial progress before we migrate it to Nebari (we are collaborating with Vijay at Mathworks on this). I did not expect for it to be merged as it’s not compatible with Nebari"

So we won't be merging this, but it is a useful reference as we move forward on the nebari-based images, so I'll leave this open for now.

[asmacdo]

I think we can close this one-- replaced by #283 (Matlab was updated and added over there)